Final answer:
Legally, you can withhold information in an interview if it pertains to protected characteristics and can use the right to remain silent legally to avoid self-incrimination. Journalists can also withhold source information under reporter's privilege. In other contexts, information might inherently be unavailable or incomplete.
Step-by-step explanation:
When it comes to disclosing information upon request, the legality and ethical considerations can vary depending on context. In a professional scenario, withholding information can have legal consequences if the information pertains to public records or if there is a contractual obligation to disclose it. In a job interview, however, it is important to know that you are not required to answer questions about legally protected characteristics, and doing so is not a basis for employment eligibility. The key point here is understanding one's rights and the context of the information request.
In the legal sphere, as per the Miranda rights, individuals have the right to remain silent to avoid self-incrimination. This protection under the Fifth Amendment allows you to consult an attorney and declines to answer questions that might incriminate you. In journalism, there's something known as reporter's privilege, which can protect the identity of confidential sources. This privilege is backed by the First Amendment and allows journalists to withhold source information, much like in the cases of Valerie Plame and Edward Snowden. Finally, in research or business contexts, there may be legitimate reasons for information being unavailable or incomplete, and it's crucial to understand these limitations.