Final answer:
The cognitive revolution shifted psychology's emphasis from external behavior, as championed by behaviorism, to the study of internal mental processes. It was heavily influenced by developments in linguistics, neuroscience, and computer science, and was marked by the publication of Ulric Neisser's 'Cognitive Psychology' in 1967. Noam Chomsky played a significant role in critiquing behaviorism and spearheading this intellectual movement.
Step-by-step explanation:
Describe the Cognitive Revolution and Its Difference from Behaviorism
The cognitive revolution is a term used to depict the significant shift in psychology during the 1950s and 1960s, when focus moved from external behaviors to internal mental processes. This change was prompted by the emergent fields of linguistics, neuroscience, and computer science, which collectively reignited interest in the mind as an area for scientific study. The publication of Ulric Neisser's textbook 'Cognitive Psychology' in 1967 fueled the spread of cognitive approaches in the academic sphere. Contrary to behaviorism, which focused on observable behavior and disregarded mental states, the cognitive revolution emphasized the importance of internal mental functions.
Cognitive psychology now studies cognitions, or thoughts, and their relation to experiences and actions. This field includes the investigation of human thinking, emotion, creativity, language, and problem-solving, among other cognitive processes. Noam Chomsky was an influential figure in the early days of the cognitive revolution, critiquing behaviorism's neglect of mental functioning.
The cognitive revolution has had lasting impacts, not only reestablishing collaborations between American and European psychologists, but also leading to the cognitive sciences, an interdisciplinary approach combining psychology with fields like anthropology, linguistics, and neuroscience.