Final answer:
Substance abuse is harmful, non-medical use of a substance, while substance dependence includes addiction with physical and psychological withdrawal symptoms. The correct pairing is B. abuse; dependence.
Step-by-step explanation:
Substance abuse involves repeated, harmful use of a substance, whereas substance dependence is a physical and/or psychological addiction. The correct answer to the question is B. abuse; dependence. Substance abuse is the use of a substance without the advice of a medical professional and for non-medical reasons, often resulting in harm. On the other hand, substance dependence may include both physical withdrawal symptoms, such as pain, tremors, seizures, as well as psychological symptoms like emotional need and drug craving when the substance is no longer being used. This can lead to tolerance, where the individual needs increasingly larger amounts of the substance to achieve the same effects as before, which can lead to overdose and death.