Final answer:
The liver secretes the insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1), a critical protein for bone cell production and overall growth. IGF-1 is released in response to Human Growth Hormone (GH) and influences cellular proliferation and protein synthesis by enhancing amino acid uptake. The liver responds to regulatory hormones from the hypothalamus for GH release.
Step-by-step explanation:
The organ that secretes insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) is the liver. IGF-1 is a growth-promoting protein vital for stimulating the production of bone cells, such as osteocytes, and has a crucial role in the body's growth and development. Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) is a messenger protein produced by the liver in response to stimulation by human growth hormone (GH). IGF-1 plays a crucial role in promoting tissue growth by stimulating the uptake of amino acids and enhancing cellular proliferation.
Human Growth Hormone (GH) indirectly stimulates growth and protein synthesis by initiating the production of a group of proteins known as IGFs. These proteins are essential for cellular proliferation and preventing apoptosis. They accomplish this by enhancing the uptake of amino acids from the blood to facilitate protein synthesis, especially in skeletal muscle and cartilage cells, which makes them particularly sensitive to IGF stimulation.
The liver is able to produce IGFs as a response to GH levels regulated by hormones from the hypothalamus, namely, the growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) and growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH or somatostatin).