Final answer:
The Great Depression was caused by a complex mix of factors, and the federal response under Hoover was minimal, focusing on a self-regulating economy and infrastructure projects like the Hoover Dam. His administration's actions were generally seen as inadequate, which led to increased support for a more interventionist government that eventually materialized under FDR's New Deal.
Step-by-step explanation:
Causes of the Great Depression and Federal Response
The Great Depression was caused by a combination of factors including the stock market crash of 1929, bank failures, reduced purchasing power, and widespread drought affecting agricultural output. In response, the federal government under President Hoover took several actions. Hoover aimed to stimulate the economy through the Hoover Dam's construction and the Federal Farm Board, but he largely believed in a limited government role and refrained from direct intervention in the economy.
Pros of Hoover's response included the belief in the self-regulating nature of the economy and the efforts to maintain a balanced budget. However, these measures were largely seen as inadequate as the depression worsened. Cons involved Hoover's reluctance to provide direct relief to the unemployed, which led to increased suffering. His presidency also saw the infamous Bonus Army incident, where veterans seeking early payment of war bonuses were forcefully dispersed, reflecting poorly on Hoover's administration.
Support for the federal government providing direct job interventions increased, as citizens and activists pressed for more substantial federal involvement to aid common citizens. Hoover's policies were ultimately viewed as ineffective, paving the way for the election of FDR and the implementation of the New Deal.