Final answer:
Behavior is defined as a combination of actions and the stimuli that initiate those actions, consisting of both instinctual behaviors and learned behaviors.
Step-by-step explanation:
Behavior is defined as the combination of two elements: actions and the stimuli that provoke those actions. Behaviors can be divided into two broad categories: instinctual or innate behaviors, and learned behaviors. Instinctual behaviors are those not influenced by the environment, such as mating behaviors and certain methods of communication. On the other hand, learned behaviors are influenced by changes in the environment, including imprinting, habituation, conditioning, and cognitive learning. Human behavior, particularly, is complex and often reflects a blend of both innate tendencies and learned elements. It is affected by genetic patterns, physical drives (such as the need for food, drink, sex, and rest), and prior experiences, including conditioning from interactions within one's physical and social environments. Therefore, from the options provided, the two elements that define behavior are judgments, which encompass cognitive learning and decision-making as a result of conditioning and environmental interactions, and actions, which are the observable responses to stimuli.