Final answer:
The incorrect statement is c. diffusion is a special case of osmosis. Diffusion refers to the movement of all types of particles down their concentration gradient, while osmosis specifically involves water movement across a membrane.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement regarding diffusion that is NOT true is c. diffusion is a special case of osmosis. Diffusion is a more general process where particles move from an area of higher concentration to one of lower concentration based on their kinetic energy. This includes any solute particles moving down their concentration gradient. On the other hand, osmosis is a type of diffusion that specifically involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane. The driving force for both diffusion and osmosis is indeed kinetic energy, and they are both passive processes that do not require additional energy.
Diffusion and osmosis are both passive because they do not require the input of energy from the cell. Substances move until they reach equilibrium, which occurs when the concentration of substances is equal across spaces. Therefore, statement c is incorrect because osmosis is not a special case of diffusion but rather a specific type of diffusion related to water movement.