Final answer:
The normal karyotype of a diploid human cell contains 46 chromosomes, with 44 autosomes and two sex chromosomes: XX for females and XY for males.
Step-by-step explanation:
Normal Karyotype of Diploid Cells in Humans
In humans, the normal karyotype of a diploid cell consists of 46 chromosomes: 44 autosomes and two sex chromosomes. For females, the two sex chromosomes are both X, leading to a karyotype of 44+XX. In males, the sex chromosomes consist of one X and one Y, leading to a karyotype of 44+XY.
Each of the 22 pairs of autosomes contains hundreds to thousands of genes, which are responsible for the vast array of genetic traits that determine an individual's phenotype, that is, the visible or expressed characteristics. The sex chromosomes primarily determine the sex of the individual, with females having two homologous X chromosomes and males having one X and one non-homologous Y chromosome, which carries the SRY gene responsible for male development.
The normal karyotype of a diploid cell in a male human being consists of 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes, XY. The X and Y chromosomes are not homologous, with the Y chromosome being smaller and carrying genes that determine male-specific traits. In a female human being, the karyotype consists of 22 pairs of autosomes and two pairs of sex chromosomes, XX. The X chromosomes in females are homologous.