Final answer:
Jason's behavior of taking out the trash is strengthened through negative reinforcement, part of operant conditioning, where an unpleasant experience is removed after the desired behavior occurs.
Step-by-step explanation:
Jason's tendency to take out the trash being strengthened after his mother stops yelling at him is an example of operant conditioning. In this case, Jason is learning through negative reinforcement: by taking out the trash, he is removing the unpleasant experience of being yelled at, which increases the likelihood that he will perform the behavior again in the future. This process is distinct from positive reinforcement, in which a behavior is strengthened through the presentation of a pleasant stimulus following the behavior, such as a child receiving a bedtime story for putting away toys, or an older child being rewarded with better grades for studying for tests.