Final answer:
The post-industrial service economy requires all of the above: different managerial skills, a different way of thinking, and a break with traditions due to the fundamental shift in industry focus, globalization, and changes in the workplace.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct option is D:
The post-industrial service economy requires d) All of the above: Different Managerial skills, a Different way of thinking, and a Break with Traditions. This is a direct answer rooted in the transformation from the manufacturing to the service sector, influenced by globalization and new workplace dynamics.
Explanation: The transition from the industrial to the post-industrial era significantly alters the landscape of work. The shift from manufacturing to service industries demands that managers adapt with new competencies in people management and decision-making, necessitating higher levels of education and more strategic, adaptable thinking to keep pace with the ever-changing market. The global economy requires a broader world view and the ability to navigate international competition. Moreover, the reduced desire for unions due to improved workplace protection laws indicates a transformation in how workers engage with and perceive their roles within organizations. Social theorists like David Harvey and Frederic Jameson have highlighted that this economic shift has intensified cultural dynamics, reshaping identity, work, consumption, and leisure. The technological revolution and information age have ramped up production speed, enforcing a rigorous work discipline and demanding a different set of skills from workers who now value autonomy and fulfillment over just wages.