Final answer:
Self-disclosure is a key element in effective communication and higher levels of marital satisfaction.
Step-by-step explanation:
The correct answer is C. Self-disclosure. Self-disclosure refers to the act of revealing personal thoughts, feelings, and experiences to another person. In the context of communication and marital satisfaction, self-disclosure plays a crucial role by fostering trust, emotional intimacy, and understanding between partners.
A study conducted by Laurenceau, Barrett, and Pietromonaco (1998) found that self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness are important factors in building intimate interpersonal exchanges. When individuals openly share their thoughts and emotions, it promotes effective communication and enhances marital satisfaction.
For example, when a spouse shares their concerns, fears, or desires with their partner, it allows for better understanding and support. Self-disclosure facilitates empathetic listening, validation, and problem-solving, ultimately strengthening the bond and satisfaction within the marital relationship.