Final answer:
A controlled experiment is the form of critical thinking that involves careful measurement, controlled observation, and repeatable results, pivotal to the scientific method.
Step-by-step explanation:
The form of critical thinking based on careful measurement, controlled observation, and repeatable results is known as a controlled experiment. This approach is a central aspect of the scientific method, which involves a logical and systematic process to investigate the natural world. Accuracy, a key component of science, refers to how close a measurement is to the correct value. By conducting controlled experiments and making accurate measurements, scientists can test hypotheses and develop theories with high validity.