Final answer:
Spermatogenesis results in four functional sperm cells that contribute primarily DNA to the zygote, while oogenesis produces one large ovum and three polar bodies. Spermatogenesis occurs continuously, while oogenesis is cyclical with one ovum released every menstrual cycle.
Step-by-step explanation:
Compare Spermatogenesis and Oogenesis
Spermatogenesis is the process in which haploid sperm cells are produced in males. After primary spermatocytes undergo the first meiotic division, they become secondary spermatocytes. These then complete a second meiotic division to form spermatids, which eventually develop into four mature sperm cells. These sperm cells are streamlined and highly specialized for fertilization, mostly contributing DNA to the zygote.
On the other hand, oogenesis is the process by which a haploid egg cell (or ovum) is produced in females. During oogenesis, one large ovum and three smaller polar bodies, which eventually degenerate, are formed from the four haploid cells that result from meiosis. Unlike spermatogenesis, which produces four functional cells, oogenesis results in only one mature ovum prepared for fertilization.
The timing of these processes also differs significantly. Spermatogenesis occurs continuously from puberty until the end of a male's life, producing millions of sperm daily. In contrast, oogenesis has a more fixed schedule that is cyclical and closely associated with the menstrual cycle in females, leading to the release of a single ovum each month during a woman's reproductive years.