Final answer:
An ineffective practice in alliance management is focusing on developing an alliance-management capability in isolation. This approach neglects the benefits of collaboration and integration with alliance partners.
Step-by-step explanation:
An ineffective practice in alliance management is D. Focusing on developing an alliance-management capability in isolation. Alliance management requires a collaborative approach, which involves coordinating a company's portfolio of alliances, establishing knowledge-sharing routines between partners, and developing relational capabilities. The effectiveness of alliance management depends significantly on the interactions and integrations between partners rather than on an isolated strategy. By focusing in isolation, a firm can miss out on leveraging synergies between alliances and learning from the broader network of relationships that are crucial for sustained success in alliance management.