Final answer:
The priority nursing action for a client who has had two TIAs should be to help the client reduce stroke risk factors, although providing emotional support, family education on rehabilitation, and speech therapy are also important. Recognizing TIA symptoms using the FAST mnemonic can prevent a full stroke, as immediate medical intervention can significantly improve outcomes.
Step-by-step explanation:
Transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) are often referred to as "mini-strokes" and are critical events that resemble strokes but typically last less than 24 hours. Upon experiencing a TIA, it is imperative that medical treatment is sought promptly to mitigate the risk of a full-blown stroke. The priority nursing actions for a client who has had two TIAs would focus on helping the client reduce risk factors for stroke. This includes managing blood pressure, controlling diabetes, maintaining a healthy weight, and quitting smoking. While emotional support, family education on rehabilitation, and working with a speech therapist on speech problems are important, they are secondary to the immediate need for reducing the risk of subsequent strokes.
Understanding the FAST mnemonic is critical for a rapid assessment of neurological function in emergencies, which can greatly affect outcomes. If facial drooping (Face), arm weakness (Arms), speech difficulties (Speech) are noticed, it is Time to call for help immediately. Stroke and TIA symptoms may be temporary or permanent, and in the event of a full stroke, time is of the essence, with clot-busting drugs being most effective within the first 3 to 4 hours of symptom onset. For TIAs, function often returns once adequate blood flow is restored, and so recognizing and responding quickly to these warning signs can prevent long-term damage.