Final answer:
The theory that has the characteristic of a new movement emerging due to a critical change in one of the systems is New Social Movement Theory.
Step-by-step explanation:
The theory that has the characteristic of a new movement emerging due to a critical change in one of the systems is New Social Movement Theory. This theory attempts to explain the proliferation of postindustrial and postmodern movements by examining how they relate to politics, identity, culture, and social change. It suggests a global macro-level analysis of social movements and encompasses movements like ecofeminism and transgender rights.