Final answer:
In a bureaucracy, positions are assigned based on a merit system, which values skills, abilities, and competence over political affiliations or other non-merit factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the text, in a bureaucracy, positions are assigned on the basis of a merit system. This system emphasizes the importance of hiring and promoting individuals based on their proven and documented skills, abilities, and competence. The merit-based system is designed to ensure that the most qualified and able individuals are chosen for positions within the bureaucratic structure, which includes a variety of government offices and agencies.
As part of the merit system, job candidates are evaluated based on their knowledge, abilities, and skills, often referred to as KSAs, which are essential for fulfilling the roles for which they are applying. An individual who is hired should possess KSAs that match or exceed those required for the position, as outlined in the job announcement. This practice aims to create an effective and efficient bureaucracy staffed by dedicated experts, protecting employees from managerial abuse, and making the entire government operation more functional.