Final answer:
Targeted movements are achieved through the interplay between the nervous and muscular systems, with proprioceptive feedback allowing for precise coordination and adjustments in movement, as exemplified by athletes performing a high jump.
Step-by-step explanation:
Targets are reached during targeted movements through a complex coordination of the nervous system and the muscular system. The nervous system, including the cerebellum and various sensory receptors, processes proprioceptive feedback to fine-tune movements.
This feedback helps in determining how hard to push off and when to turn, along with controlling the muscles throughout the body. The cerebellum plays a critical role by comparing the motor commands from the brain with the proprioceptive feedback and adjusting the movements accordingly.
For instance, during a high jump, the athlete's body must execute a series of well-coordinated moves to clear the bar without knocking it down. Muscle cells contract and relax, red and white blood cells move throughout the body, and various organs function simultaneously. Without visual feedback, such as in the Field Sobriety Test (FST), broader corrections to movement are needed, relying solely on proprioceptive information.