Final answer:
Particles can move through the cell membrane via active transport, passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, co-transport, and endocytosis, each requiring different conditions and some requiring energy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The five ways particles move through the cell membrane include active transport, passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, co-transport (or secondary active transport), and endocytosis. Active transport uses energy to move substances against their concentration gradient, while passive diffusion allows particles to move down their concentration gradient without the use of energy. Facilitated diffusion, similar to passive diffusion, involves specific proteins to help move substances across the membrane. Co-transport involves coupling the movement of one substance with another. Lastly, endocytosis is the process by which cells engulf large particles or liquids, enclosing them in vesicles.