Final answer:
FMEA provides a proactive type of review, addressing potential product or process failures before they happen, aiming to prevent issues and improve reliability.
Step-by-step explanation:
A failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a step-by-step approach for identifying all possible failures in a design, a manufacturing or assembly process, or a product or service. The type of review that an FMEA provides is proactive, rather than retroactive, retrospective, or concurrent. The goal of an FMEA is to recognize and evaluate potential points of failure, and implement steps to mitigate the risk of these failures occurring. By addressing issues before they happen, FMEA helps prevent problems and improves reliability and safety of products.
It's important to note that FMEA looks to future processes and designs to preemptively correct and prevent issues from arising, hence being proactive. So the correct option, in this case, would be B. Proactive. While the other review types: retroactive, retrospective, and concurrent deal with past events or real-time processes, proactive planning attempts to predict and eliminate potential future issues.