Final answer:
Catheters may be impregnated with antimicrobial agents or coated with materials that reduce bacterial adherence and biofilm formation to prevent the migration of microorganisms. Antimicrobial lock solutions, antiseptic-impregnated sponges, and antibiotic ointments are used to reduce the infection risks associated with catheters.
Step-by-step explanation:
To address the question of what does the catheter contain to anchor it and prevent migration of microorganisms, it's important to understand that catheters can be designed with various features to minimize infection risks. However, there isn't a universal substance that is used in all catheters to achieve this. Some catheters may be impregnated with antimicrobial agents or coated with materials that reduce bacterial adherence and biofilm formation. The development of bacterial biofilms is a significant concern with indwelling medical devices, including catheters, as these biofilms can harbor bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and protect them from the host's immune system and antibiotic treatments.
Treatments like antimicrobial lock solutions can be used to fill the catheter lumen and prevent microbial colonization when the catheter is not in active use. Additionally, approaches such as the use of antiseptic-impregnated sponges at the insertion site and the application of antibiotic ointments have been applied to reduce the risk of catheter-related bloodstream infections.
Considering the clinical case examples provided, infections related to catheters are a serious concern, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Catheter removal is often required when infections are persistent, as biofilms can shield bacteria from systemic antibiotics. Therefore, ongoing research and implementation of new technologies and protocols are imperative to improve catheter safety and reduce infection rates.