Final answer:
The two fraternal organizations established in the South pre-Civil War were the Union Leagues, which supported Black voter registration and civil rights, and the Ku Klux Klan (KKK), which employed violence to maintain white supremacy.
Step-by-step explanation:
Fraternities Established in the South Pre-Civil War
The two fraternal organizations that are noteworthy in the context of the South pre-Civil War are the Union Leagues and the Ku Klux Klan (KKK). The Union Leagues were initially founded in the North to support the Union and the Republican Party during the Civil War, and they expanded into the South after the war to serve both political and civic functions. They became critical centers within Black communities, helping to disseminate information, mediate relations, and assist in community building. Conversely, the KKK was established as a secret fraternity of Confederate veterans in 1866, known for its violence and terrorism to re-establish white supremacy.
Both organizations played pivotal roles in shaping the political and social landscape. The Union Leagues promoted Black voter registration and supported the ratification of the Fifteenth Amendment, ensuring freedoms and rights during the Reconstruction era. On the other hand, the KKK sought to undermine these advancements through intimidation and violence, significantly contributing to the downfall of Reconstruction efforts.