Final answer:
Vulnerability Scanning is the automated process used to identify vulnerabilities on computing systems in a network. It systematically searches for security weaknesses and provides solutions to fix them. Other scanning methods like Port Scanning do not have the same focus on vulnerabilities.
Step-by-step explanation:
The type of scanning that utilizes an automated process of proactively identifying vulnerabilities of computing systems present on a network is D. Vulnerability Scanning.
Vulnerability Scanning is a systematic examination of a network or system that seeks out security weaknesses and potential breaches. This type of scanning is conducted by software designed to audit systems for known vulnerability signatures and offer mitigation strategies for any findings. It's essential in maintaining the security posture of an organization's network.
In contrast, Port Scanning is used to identify open doors or ports to gain unauthorized entry into a system, Single Scanning does not exist as a common term, and External Scanning refers generally to scans conducted from outside the network perimeter.