Final answer:
Adoption studies can be used to estimate differences in individual phenotype due to differences in genotype or environment. By comparing adopted individuals to their biological and adoptive parents, researchers can determine the relative contributions of genetics and environment to certain traits or disorders.
Step-by-step explanation:
In adoption studies, researchers can estimate differences in individual phenotype due to differences in genotype or environment. By comparing adopted individuals to their biological and adoptive parents, scientists can determine the relative contributions of genetics and environment to certain traits or disorders. For example, if adopted individuals show a higher resemblance to their biological parents for a certain trait, it suggests a stronger genetic influence. Conversely, if they show a higher resemblance to their adoptive parents, it suggests a stronger environmental influence.