Final answer:
The forms of mechanical defense in the skin, gut, lungs, and eyes/nose/oral cavity include the outer tough layer of skin, muscular movement of the intestines, cilia in the respiratory tract, and eyelashes/tears/nasal hairs.
Step-by-step explanation:
The forms of mechanical defense in the following body parts are:
- Skin: The outer layer of skin, called the epidermis, is tough and difficult for pathogens to penetrate. It consists of dead cells that are constantly being shed, helping to remove bacteria and other infectious agents. The lack of blood vessels and moisture in the skin also create an unsuitable environment for most pathogens.
- Gut: The gut has mechanical defenses such as the muscular movement of the intestines, which help prevent pathogens from attaching to the gut lining. The presence of mucus in the gut also traps and helps remove pathogens.
- Lungs: The lungs have several mechanical defense mechanisms. The presence of tiny hair-like structures called cilia in the respiratory tract helps trap and move pathogens out of the lungs. Coughing and sneezing are also mechanical defense mechanisms that help expel pathogens.
- Eyes/Nose/oral cavity: The eyes, nose, and oral cavity have mechanical defenses such as eyelashes, tears, and nasal hairs. These structures help trap and remove pathogens from entering the eyes, nose, and mouth.