Final answer:
When NLRP3 senses a DAMP, it triggers an inflammatory response by forming the inflammasome and releasing pro-inflammatory cytokines.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the NLRP3 protein senses a DAMP (Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern), it triggers a cascade of events leading to an inflammatory response. NLRP3 is a type of pattern recognition receptor (PRR) that recognizes DAMPs released from damaged or dying cells. Once activated, NLRP3 forms a multiprotein complex called the inflammasome, which leads to the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and IL-18.