Final answer:
The question asks for step-by-step insertion of values into a B+ tree with parameter d=2. Inserting values into a B+ tree involves splitting nodes when they exceed 4 keys and rebalancing the tree. The process is typically illustrated with diagrams due to its complexity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question involves inserting a series of numbers into an initially empty B+ tree with a parameter of d=2. A B+ tree is a type of self-balancing tree data structure that maintains sorted data in a way that allows for efficient insertion, deletion, and lookup operations. In the context of this question, we will be inserting values one by one and adjusting the tree accordingly to maintain its properties. Since this is a more complex procedure than can be easily described in a simple answer, I will provide a step-by-step explanation for the insertion of the first few values, after which the pattern can be applied to the remaining insertions.
To start, a B+ tree with d=2 means that each node can have a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 4 keys. An empty B+ tree will first have the value 17 inserted, creating a single-node tree. As more values are inserted, nodes will split once they exceed 4 keys, and the middle key will be promoted to a new parent node. For example, after inserting 17, 11, 50, and 22, we would have a single node with these values. However, when inserting the next value, 5, we must split the node. The new nodes and their parent will be organized with the proper keys (5, 11, 17, 22, 50) such that the B+ tree properties are maintained.
The detailed step-by-step process of inserting each value and re-balancing the tree can be complex and is typically demonstrated visually, so consider referencing B+ tree insertion algorithms or diagrams for clarity on the process.