Final answer:
The adolescent is likely from a disadvantaged background due to the need to contribute to family income, having less supportive study environments, and participating in government apprenticeships while balancing significant homework responsibilities(option d).
Step-by-step explanation:
An adolescent who works in a government-sponsored apprenticeship and spends more time outside of school doing homework is likely to be from d) a disadvantaged background.
The narrative illustrates that students from lower socioeconomic backgrounds often face challenges like contributing to family income, having limited study environments, and the absence of familial support or resources like a computer and printer at home. These students may participate in government programs that support their job training and education, while also managing substantial homework loads and family responsibilities. The situation described does not necessarily suggest that the student is from a rural or urban community, or a wealthy neighborhood.