Final answer:
Tay-Sachs disease is a severe genetic disorder characterized by the destruction of neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by a malfunctioning enzyme called hexosaminidase A (Hex-A), which leads to the accumulation of a fatty substance called GM2 ganglioside in the cells. Tay-Sachs disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, and there is currently no cure for it.
Step-by-step explanation:
Tay-Sachs disease is a severe genetic disorder characterized by the destruction of neurons in the brain and spinal cord. It is caused by a malfunctioning enzyme called hexosaminidase A (Hex-A), which leads to the accumulation of a fatty substance called GM2 ganglioside in the cells. This buildup affects the normal functioning of the neurons, leading to the progressive deterioration of cognitive and motor functions in affected individuals.
Tay-Sachs disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner, which means that both parents must be carriers of the mutated gene for their child to be affected. If both parents are carriers, there is a 25% chance with each pregnancy that their child will inherit the disease.
Currently, there is no cure for Tay-Sachs disease. However, supportive care and management strategies can help alleviate symptoms and improve the quality of life for affected individuals.