Final answer:
Hackers use tools like phishing and malware to launch various types of cyberattacks, such as DDoS, resulting in the theft of sensitive data. This can affect governments, businesses, and individuals by leading to national security threats and financial losses. Prevention includes education, strong cyber defenses, and robust authentication measures.
Step-by-step explanation:
Hackers employ a multitude of tools and strategies to compromise computer systems. They often craft sophisticated phishing emails to trick individuals into providing sensitive information or clicking on malicious links. Additionally, they utilize software vulnerabilities to install malware or ransomware for data theft or extortion. Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks are launched to disrupt service availability. Through these attacks, hackers can steal various forms of data ranging from personal identification to national security secrets.
When government systems are breached, leaked intelligence and security details can lead to national threats. In businesses and medical systems, compromised data might include customer and patient information, leading to financial and privacy damages. Individuals suffering from information theft can encounter identity fraud or financial loss. To combat these issues, governments and organizations can invest in stronger cyber defenses, educate the public on digital safety, and enforce regulations like two-factor authentication and robust password policies.