Final answer:
The articular cartilage that covers the epiphyseal surface is the epiphyseal cartilage, made of glassy hyaline cartilage to prevent friction at joint surfaces.
Step-by-step explanation:
The articular cartilage that covers the epiphyseal surface in place of the periosteum is epiphyseal cartilage. This cartilage is composed of glassy hyaline cartilage and provides a smooth surface to prevent friction at joint surfaces.