Final answer:
The second broad category of behavioral characteristics complementing task-oriented is A. people-oriented, which focuses on the characteristics and behaviors a worker needs to effectively perform job tasks.
Step-by-step explanation:
The task-oriented and people-oriented (also referred to as worker-oriented) perspectives are the two broad categories of behavioral characteristics that describe how factors in the workplace interact to compel employees to perform their jobs.
The task-oriented approach is predicated on defining the tasks that a job entails, while the people-oriented perspective is concerned with the characteristics and behaviors that a worker needs to possess to perform those tasks effectively. This latter approach stems from the broader field of I-O psychology and is crucial in the process of job analysis, informing both the selection of employees and the identification of their training needs.
Trait theorists in psychology propose a spectrum of personality traits to explain human behavior. These traits, which can range broadly in expression, guide how people act and respond to their environment. The concept is critical to I-O psychology, as these traits are significant in determining how well a person's personality matches the requirements of a specific job or role within an organization. This match can influence not only job performance but also job satisfaction and overall workplace harmony.
In summary, while the task-oriented approach focuses on job-related activities, the people-oriented approach concentrates on the personality traits and behaviors of the employees. Understanding both approaches is essential for organizations seeking to optimize both job design and personnel selection and has a significant influence on how well an employee is suited for a job.
Mention the correct option in the final answer
The second broad category of behavioral characteristics, complementing the task-oriented category, is people-oriented.