Final answer:
The Jim Crow era and ghettos are direct examples of institutional racism, as they reflect societal structures that disadvantaged minorities. A white man shouting a racial insult or a woman holding negative racial opinions represent individual racism, which is not institutional.
Step-by-step explanation:
Individual or interpersonal racism:
Institutional racism is a form of racism integrated into social and political institutions, which affects large groups and creates inequities. Examples of institutional racism include the Jim Crow era and the creation of ghettos. These policies systematically disadvantaged minority groups and are direct manifestations of institutional racism.
Individual or interpersonal racism, on the other hand, occurs on a personal level, such as when a white man shouts a racial insult at a Black man or a woman holds biased views about another racial group. These are not examples of institutional racism as they do not emanate from societal structures or policies that discriminate.