Final answer:
A newborn baby has around 86 billion neurons at birth that contribute to learning, behavior, and overall cognitive development. These neurons undergo periods of 'blooming' and 'pruning' affected by environmental factors. Neurogenesis, or the creation of new neurons, can continue into adulthood.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a baby is born, she has roughly one hundred billion neurons that are just waiting to form a network of connections that will affect her or his ability to learn, grow, and have positive relationships with others.
The human brain is an incredibly complex organ, containing around 86 billion neurons at birth. This number is managed through processes including 'blooming', where rapid neural growth occurs, and 'pruning', which reduces neural connections to increase brain efficiency. The environment, especially in the early years, can influence the development and survival of these neurons, helping shape the brain's functions and cognitive abilities.
For example, a nurturing environment that encourages expression can lead to the formation of enhanced neural connections. These connections contribute not only to learning and memory but also interact with genetic predispositions and have impacts on temperament, physical health, and the individual's social environment.
Furthermore, contrary to earlier beliefs, neurogenesis continues into adulthood, though it is more limited compared to other tissues. Research has shown that newborn reflexes and sensory capacities allow them to interact with their surroundings from birth and that these reflexes are an indicator of a normally developing brain. The brain during infancy uses a significant amount of the body's energy to support the creation and reinforcement of these neural connections.