Final answer:
The slave trade enriched African slave-trading kingdoms but also led to militarization, warfare, and societal disruption, including labor shortages and demographic changes.
Step-by-step explanation:
The slave trade impacted the economies of African countries in several profound ways. Wealth accumulation occurred in kingdoms engaged in the trade, as they exchanged captives for European goods like textiles, alcohol, guns, tobacco, and food. However, this economic activity led to increased militarization and warfare as states vied to dominate the trade. Additionally, the capture and sale of African men and women in their prime labor years severely affected local economies, leading to stagnant population growth and changes in societal roles, as women took on traditionally male tasks and polygyny became more common to address labor shortages.