Final answer:
The term 'stewardess' is considered discriminatory due to its gender-specific nature. Job advertisements benefit from using gender-neutral terms to promote equality and reduce hiring biases. Studies show hiring disparities based on race, gender, and other factors; and in cases of discrimination, courts apply legal standards such as strict scrutiny.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term 'stewardess' is considered discriminatory when advertising for a position because it is gender-specific. This term implies that only women can fill the role, which can lead to gender discrimination. 'College student' and 'waiter' do not specifically indicate a protected characteristic such as gender or age; however, 'waiter' could be seen as gender-specific, similar to 'stewardess'. It is increasingly common to use gender-neutral terms like 'flight attendant' instead of 'stewardess' and 'server' instead of 'waiter' to avoid gender discrimination in job advertisements.
In terms of legality and job interviews, it is illegal to ask questions that may lead to discrimination, such as inquiring about the state of birth, which could be used to discriminate based on nationality or ethnicity.
With regards to discrimination in the labor market, there are studies showing significant hiring disparities based on race, ethnicity, gender, and disability status. For example, fake resumes with white-sounding names received substantially more callbacks than those with African-American names, and women were offered waitstaff jobs at a lower rate compared to men in high-priced restaurants.
When a group feels discriminated against by a public university admissions test, the courts would apply a legal standard to decide the case. The most likely standard used in this scenario is strict scrutiny, particularly when the case involves potential racial discrimination.