Final answer:
The statement is False. While transgenic bacteria can produce human proteins such as HGH, the post-translational modifications might differ, leading to potentially different final forms of the protein compared to the human version.
Step-by-step explanation:
The statement that the human growth hormone (HGH) produced by transgenic bacteria isn't identical to the human growth hormone produced by humans because both are coded by the same sequence is False. When a human gene, such as the one for HGH, is inserted into bacteria, it can indeed produce the correct human protein. This is possible because the same genetic code is used by nearly all organisms, which means that the sequence of DNA or RNA that codes for a specific protein is interpreted in the same way.
However, the process of protein folding and post-translational modifications in bacteria is different from that in human cells. As a result, while the primary structure of the protein – the sequence of amino acids – might be identical, the final form of the protein may differ due to differences in these post-translational processes. Therefore, although the protein produced by bacteria will be very similar to human HGH, it might not be completely identical in structure and function.
Recombinant DNA technology, including the use of bacterial vectors and a cDNA library, facilitates the production of human proteins like insulin and HGH for medical treatments. This has vast implications for health, medicine, and biotechnology.