Final answer:
Attempts to recall specific information like study material for an exam are facilitated by long-term memory, specifically the explicit memory subset. This process is called recall, and it is distinct from the functions of working memory, short-term memory, and sensory memory.
Step-by-step explanation:
Attempts to recall specific information without cues involve the activation of long-term memory. This type of memory retrieval is known as recall, and it is used when we need to access information stored in our memory over a longer period of time. Explicit memory, a subset of long-term memory, includes memories we consciously try to remember and report, like the material you study for an exam. Even though we might encounter prompts that facilitate recall, fundamentally, long-term memory is where information is stored and needs to be retrieved from.
Working memory and short-term memory are concerned with processing and temporarily holding information. Sensory memory deals with brief sensory events. However, when it comes to consciously trying to remember something specific from the past, such as facts or events, long-term memory is the system that is activated.