Final answer:
The student's text is plagiarized due to the lack of quotation marks around the direct quote and inadequate paraphrasing, despite including a citation.
Step-by-step explanation:
The student text is plagiarized because it fails to use quotation marks around the specific text borrowed from the source and does not sufficiently paraphrase the idea presented by Marc Aronson and Marina Budhos in Sugar Changed the World. The student includes a citation (Aronson and Budhos 10), which acknowledges the source of the original idea, but the lack of quotation marks suggests that the words are the student's own when, in fact, they are taken directly from the source.
In proper academic writing, when a student borrows the exact words from a source, they must be enclosed in quotation marks to indicate a direct quotation. A paraphrase, on the other hand, involves rewording the source material in the student's own words while maintaining the original meaning and must also include appropriate citation.