Final answer:
Bob's belief aligns closely with nihilism, which is a philosophical viewpoint that denies inherent meaning or value in life, as suggested by Nietzsche's critique of traditional morality and the absence of absolute moral truths.
Step-by-step explanation:
According to the passage, the philosophical framework that aligns closely with Bob's belief is nihilism. Nietzsche's critical stance on traditional morality, asserting that moral values have no inherent truth but are rather constructed by human imposition, closely resembles nihilistic perspectives. Nihilism suggests that life lacks objective meaning, purpose, or intrinsic value. Nietzsche’s declaration that "God is dead" epitomizes this viewpoint, indicating a move away from theistic foundations of morality towards the realization that humans must create their own values in a world devoid of inherent truths.
This shift parallels Anscombe's critique of modern moral philosophies, as she suggests that without a legislator such as God, the 'oughts' of morality are unfounded. Nietzsche also refuted the idea of innate moral laws, promoting instead the concept of personal power and the reevaluation of one's own existence. Together, Anscombe and Nietzsche further the understanding of a world in which traditional, absolute moral beliefs are questioned, giving way to a more individualistic approach to meaning and morality, characteristic of nihilism.