Final answer:
Complementary DNA sequences with different codons do not necessarily produce the same amino acids. The genetic code uses three-nucleotide sequences, or triplet codons, each specifying one of twenty common amino acids. Due to the principle of codon redundancy, also called degeneracy, the genetic code allows for the same amino acid to be encoded by different codons.
Step-by-step explanation:
Complementary DNA sequences with different codons do not necessarily produce the same amino acids. The genetic code functions with three-nucleotide sequences known as triplet codons. Each of these codons corresponds to one of the twenty common amino acids used in protein synthesis.The genetic code is designed to be non-overlapping to ensure that a wide variety of amino acids can follow each other in a protein sequence. The principle of codon redundancy, also called degeneracy, means that different codons can specify the same amino acid, often only differing by a single nucleotide, typically at the third position. This redundancy is important because it reduces the potential negative impacts of mutations on protein function. For example, ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG all code for the amino acid threonine. Moreover, the codons for amino acids with similar chemical properties are also often similar, which serves as a protective mechanism against mutations causing drastic changes in protein structure and function.
Ultimately, it is the non-overlapping and redundant nature of the genetic code that allows for the diverse and correct encoding of proteins in living organisms. While complementary DNA sequences may have matching base pairs, the codons formed from these sequences do not automatically encode the same amino acids.Yes, complementary DNA sequences codons can produce the same amino acids. The genetic code is redundant, meaning that multiple codons can code for the same amino acid. Codons that specify the same amino acid typically differ by one nucleotide, usually the third one. For example, ACU, ACC, ACA, and ACG all code for the amino acid threonine. Similarly, UGU and UGC code for the amino acid cysteine, and AGU and AGC code for the amino acid serine. This redundancy in the genetic code allows for a single-nucleotide substitution mutation to still specify the same or a similar amino acid, preventing the protein from being nonfunctional.