The Hundred Years' War, driven by territorial disputes and dynastic ambitions, reshaped warfare and fostered nationalism, culminating in the French reclaiming territory and the emergence of a centralized state.
The Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) between England and France was fueled by territorial disputes, economic interests, and dynastic claims. The conflict's origins can be traced to the English King Edward III's assertion of the French throne, sparking tensions over control of the lucrative wool trade and strategic territories.
The Battle of Crécy (1346) and the capture of Calais marked early English successes, while Joan of Arc's intervention in the mid-15th century buoyed French morale. The war witnessed the evolution of military tactics, including the use of longbows and cannons.
The Treaty of Troyes (1420) seemed to resolve the dispute but eventually failed, and the conflict concluded with the French reclaiming territory. The war's enduring impact included changes in warfare, nationalism, and the emergence of a centralized French state.
Complete question:
What were the key events and factors contributing to the Hundred Years' War?