Question

Define three of the common cognitive biases identified in this chapter.

a) Confirmation bias, availability bias, overconfidence.
b) Honesty bias, reliability bias, adaptability bias.
c) Social bias, cultural bias, logical bias.
d) None of the above.

Answer 1

The correct answer is option a) Confirmation bias, availability bias, overconfidence.

Step-by-step explanation:

Cognitive biases are systematic patterns of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, where the inferences about other people and situations may be illogically drawn. The common cognitive biases identified in the chapter include:

• Confirmation bias: The tendency to search for, interpret, favor, and recall information in a way that confirms one’s preexisting beliefs or hypotheses.
• Availability heuristic: A mental shortcut that relies on immediate examples that come to a given person's mind when evaluating a specific topic, concept, method, or decision.
• Overconfidence: The bias where a person's subjective confidence in their judgments is reliably greater than the objective accuracy of those judgments, especially when confidence is relatively high.

One example of confirmation bias is when a person believes it's raining due to the sound of water and then looks out of the window to seek confirmation, such as visible rain and puddles forming, instead of looking for contradictory evidence.