Final answer:
a. Effortless thinking relies on experience while gut intuitions can be biased and influenced by external factors, making them sometimes faulty.
Step-by-step explanation:
Effortless thinking and gut intuitions can be influenced by various factors and can sometimes be faulty. Effortless thinking relies on experience, allowing experts to rely on intuitions in their respective fields. However, for novices, mental heuristics can frequently be faulty due to prejudice, implicit bias, and error. Gut intuitions, on the other hand, can be biased as they are influenced by external factors and personal experiences.
Effortless thinking and gut intuitions can be faulty for several reasons. Cognitive biases, such as anchoring bias and availability heuristic, cause us to rely on subtle cues or readily available information rather than engaging in critical thinking. This can lead to irrational judgments, especially in complex or new scenarios that require rational computation.
To reduce the risk of errors, it is crucial to become more self-aware and critical, and two not rely solely on gut reactions or intuitions, especially when encountering new material. This is particularly true for novices in any field, including those new to philosophical problems and concepts.
Effortless thinking relies on experience; gut intuitions can be biased.
Both effortless thinking and gut intuitions can be influenced by cognitive biases.
Novices should be skeptical of effortless thinking and not rely exclusively on gut intuition.