Final answer:
A prokaryotic cell typically includes a cell membrane, cytoplasm, ribosomes, and DNA within a nucleoid, and most have a protective cell wall. Some may also have flagella, pili, and capsules.
Step-by-step explanation:
Characteristic structures of a prokaryotic cell include the cell membrane, which acts as a barrier to separate the cell from the environment; the cytoplasm, a jelly-like substance inside the cell; ribosomes for protein synthesis; and chromosomal DNA concentrated in a region called the nucleoid. Unlike eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Most prokaryotes have a cell wall outside the plasma membrane that provides structural support and shape. Furthermore, many bacteria have additional structures such as flagella for movement, pili for attachment, and sometimes capsules that offer protection and enhance survival against host defenses.