Final answer:
The presence of glucose in the urine, or glycosuria, is a well-known sign of diabetes mellitus. This results from high blood glucose levels that exceed the kidney's reabsorption capacity. Symptoms of diabetes mellitus include frequent urination, increased thirst, and hunger.
Step-by-step explanation:
A well-known sign of diabetes mellitus is b. Glycosuria, which is the presence of glucose in the urine. This condition occurs when blood glucose levels are so high that the kidneys can't reabsorb all the glucose filtered from the blood, leading to its excretion in urine. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by symptoms such as frequent urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger due to the body's inability to utilize glucose efficiently, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels.
In the context of the review questions provided, polyuria is a likely indication of both diabetes mellitus and diabetes insipidus, which involves an abnormally large amount of urine. However, the composition of the urine differs, with diabetes mellitus causing glycosuria due to high levels of glucose in the blood. Contrariwise, diabetes insipidus typically does not involve glucose in the urine.