Final answer:
In different eras, different ethnic groups have experienced golden ages, which describe periods of peace, prosperity, and cultural achievements. The term 'Dark Ages' has been used to describe times thought to be less culturally and intellectually vibrant, such as Medieval Europe, but this perspective has been reconsidered. The Renaissance marked a significant cultural and scientific revival after the Dark Ages, with the Harlem Renaissance being a pinnacle of African-American cultural achievement.
Step-by-step explanation:
In different eras, different ethnic groups have experienced golden ages—periods of remarkable achievement. This term is utilized to describe an era within a civilization where there is peace, prosperity, and great cultural achievements. Contrary to golden ages, periods like the Medieval Europe and the Romanesque era have been referred to as the 'Dark Ages' by humanists of the Renaissance because they perceived it as a time when there was a decline in learning from the classical period. However, this notion has been contested as the Medieval period also had its own complex imagery and achievements.The term 'Dark Ages' can also apply to a period in ancient Greece, after the collapse of the Mycenaean civilization, marked by the disappearance of complex socio-cultural systems. Nevertheless, Europe emerged from the Dark Ages with Italy sparking the beginning of the Renaissance in the 15th century—marked by a remarkable cultural and scientific revival that established new systems of government, propagated humanistic learning, and brought forth a wave of innovations in various fields. The Harlem Renaissance, another famous occurrence, was a significant period of cultural formation in the early twentieth century for African-Americans.