Final answer:
Four actions by police that can make a confession involuntary are coercion, deception, psychological manipulation, and violation of Miranda Rights, which contradict the Fifth Amendment's protection against self-incrimination.
Step-by-step explanation:
Officers may do several things that would render a confession or admission involuntary, which violates the constitutional rights of the accused as protected by the Fifth Amendment. Here are four such actions:
- Coercion: Using threats, violence, or physical harm to force a confession.
- Deception: Misleading a suspect about the severity of their situation or consequences, such as lying about the evidence against them or the cooperation of a co-defendant.
- Psychological manipulation: Employing tactics that prey on a suspect's emotions or mental state, which might include pretending to be on their side or offering false sympathy.
- Violation of Miranda Rights: Failing to inform suspects of their right to remain silent and their right to an attorney before questioning them can result in involuntary admissions.
These actions can undermine the legal process, resulting in the suppression of evidence and can lead to the dismissal of charges against the accused.