Final answer:
The process of identifying key positions that contribute to an organization's competitive advantage is called Talent Management. It involves merit-based selection and job analysis to align individuals' skills with organizational needs, addressing both efficiency and responsiveness within an organization's structure. Considering as option number a, b, c and d, option number b is correct.
Step-by-step explanation:
The systematic identification of key positions that differentially contribute to an organization's sustainable competitive advantage is called Talent Management. Talent management is an organizational process that aims to improve business performance and affirm an organization's culture by recruiting, managing, and developing high-potential employees.
By leveraging industrial-organizational psychology, businesses strategically approach job analysis, ensuring that individuals' knowledge, skills, and abilities align with key roles within the company. Moreover, a merit-based selection system is often utilized to protect employees and create a bureaucracy more efficient and responsive to organizational needs. On the flip side, the challenge remains to implement a meritocratic system fairly and keep performance appraisals effective and culturally appropriate.
One notion identified within industrial-organizational psychology is merit-based selection, an increasingly popular hiring method that helps ensure the most qualified applicants are awarded the position. This system uses job specifications, including the identification of relevant KSAs, to match the right person to the right job, supporting an organization's pursuit of meritocracy. A meritocratic approach may help in creating an environment where those most suited to succeed are those appointed, yet it may face challenges, such as potential bias within the hiring process or the maintenance of a responsive bureaucratic structure.