Final answer:
The Levels adjustment option is the correct answer because it shows a histogram and enables changes to be made to the photo's highlights, shadows, and midtones, impacting the overall tonal range.
Step-by-step explanation:
The adjustment option that shows a histogram and affects the overall tonal range of a photo — including the highlights, shadows, and midtones — is Levels. This tool allows you to modify the intensity of the shadows, midtones, and highlights within an image. This is different from Vibrancy, which enhances less-saturated colors more than the colors that are already vibrant without affecting the tonal range. The Filters often adjust the photo based on specific color channels or effects and may not affect the tonal range directly. Lastly, Hue/Saturation adjustments alter the color content of the image, with hue changing the color itself and saturation affecting the intensity of the color, neither of which directly adjust the tonal range in the way Levels does.